Instrumentation and process control in food industry

 Instrumentation and process control in food industry /ACHARYA N. G. RANGA 2021/ ANGRAU STUDY MATERIAL

Book: instrumentation and process control in food industry

Pdf size : 5.09 MB

Total page : 156 

Language: English 

Contents 

1 Introduction – Instrumentation, Process Control - measurements -

methods of measurements - Direct Methods-In-Direct Methods

2 Primary measurements - secondary measurements - tertiary

measurement -instruments and measurement systems - mechanical

instruments - electrical instruments - electronic instruments

3 Functional elements of measurement systems - basic functional elements

– auxiliary elements - transducer elements - examples of transducer

elements

4 Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) - advantages of LVDT 

- disadvantages of LVDT.

5 Classification of Instruments: Deflection and Null Types, Manually Operated and Automatic Types, Analog and Digital Types, Self-

Generating and Power-Operated Types, Contacting and Non-Contacting

Types, Dumb and Intelligent Types

6 Indicating, recording and display elements: introduction-Digital voltmeters

(DVMs), cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO), galvanometric recorders,

magnetic tape recorders, digital recorder of memory type, data acquisition

systems, data display and storage

7 Errors in Performance Parameters: Types of Errors, Systematic or

Cumulative Errors, Accidental or Random Errors, Miscellaneous Type of

Gross Errors

8 Characteristics of transducer elements - signal conditioning elements –

amplification - Signal filtration

9 Standards of measurements - international standards - primary standards

– secondary standards - working standards - calibration - classification of

calibration

10 Performance characteristics - static and dynamic performance

characteristics – accuracy - precession - resolution - threshold - static

sensitivity - deflection factor

11 Performance characteristics- Linearity, Range and Span, Hysteresis,

Dead Band, Backlash, Drift

12 Primary sensing elements - mechanical devices as primary detectors -

springs, bimetallic strips - mechanical spring devices - cantilever - helical

spring - spiral spring - torsion bar - proving ring 

13 Pressure sensitive primary devices: Some of the commonly used force

summing devices, Bourdon tubes, Diaphragms and Bellows

14 Temperature Measurement : Introduction- temperature scales-

International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS)

15 Measurement of Temperature: Classification of temperature measuring

devices - bimetallic thermometers - glass thermometers and pressure

gauge thermometers - thermocouples

16 Electrical resistance thermometers - Resistance- Temperature Detectors

(RTDs)- Thermocouple - Thermocouple Materials

17 Pressure - gauge pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure,

vacuum - units of pressure - pressure scales - conversion of units- Types

of Pressure Measurement Devices

18 Measurement of pressure : Manometers - U tube manometer - inclined

tube manometer - well type manometer - Properties of Manometric Fluids

19 Elastic Pressure Elements - bourdon tube – bellows - diaphragms 

20 Types of Fluid Flow : Steady flow and Unsteady flow- Uniform flow and

Non-uniform flow - One-dimensional flow, two dimensional flow and Three

dimensional flow- Rotational flow and Irrotational flow - Laminar flow and

Turbulent flow.

21 Flow measurement : introduction - primary or quantity meters - positive-

displacement meters - secondary or rate meters - variable head meters 

22 The general expression for the rate of flow- Construction of Venturi Meter

23 Construction of Orifice Meter

24 Variable Area Meters- Rotameter; Pitot tube - its advantages - its

limitations 

25 Variable Head and Variable Area Flow Meters (Weirs) - Hot Wire

Anemometers - Rotary Vane Meter 

26 Measurement of Liquid Level - Direct Liquid Level Measurements - Dip-

stick Method- Sight Glass Method-

27 Hook Gauge- Float Gauge - Float-and-Shaft Liquid Level Gauge

28 Indirect Liquid Level Measurements - Hydrostatic Pressure Level

Measurement Device - Bubbler or Purge Technique for Level

Measurement 

29 Capacitance Level Gauge - Ultrasonic Level Gauge - Nucleonic Gauge

30 Control Systems- Introduction- Basic components of the control system-

Classification of Control Systems – Open Loop System - Closed Loop

System - Servo Mechanisms

31 Controllers and Control Action - Pneumatic Controller - Hydraulic

Controllers - Electric Controllers

32 Data Transmission Elements - Electrical Type Data Transmission

Elements - Pneumatic-Type Transmission Elements - Position-Type Data Transmission Elements - Radio-Frequency (RF) Transmission System

Disclaimer- the content   provided is not for commercial purposes this is  only for self learning, teaching & students help .

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