Instrumentation and process control in food industry /ACHARYA N. G. RANGA 2021/ ANGRAU STUDY MATERIAL
Book: instrumentation and process control in food industry
Pdf size : 5.09 MB
Total page : 156
Language: English
Contents
1 Introduction – Instrumentation, Process Control - measurements -
methods of measurements - Direct Methods-In-Direct Methods
2 Primary measurements - secondary measurements - tertiary
measurement -instruments and measurement systems - mechanical
instruments - electrical instruments - electronic instruments
3 Functional elements of measurement systems - basic functional elements
– auxiliary elements - transducer elements - examples of transducer
elements
4 Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) - advantages of LVDT
- disadvantages of LVDT.
5 Classification of Instruments: Deflection and Null Types, Manually Operated and Automatic Types, Analog and Digital Types, Self-
Generating and Power-Operated Types, Contacting and Non-Contacting
Types, Dumb and Intelligent Types
6 Indicating, recording and display elements: introduction-Digital voltmeters
(DVMs), cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO), galvanometric recorders,
magnetic tape recorders, digital recorder of memory type, data acquisition
systems, data display and storage
7 Errors in Performance Parameters: Types of Errors, Systematic or
Cumulative Errors, Accidental or Random Errors, Miscellaneous Type of
Gross Errors
8 Characteristics of transducer elements - signal conditioning elements –
amplification - Signal filtration
9 Standards of measurements - international standards - primary standards
– secondary standards - working standards - calibration - classification of
calibration
10 Performance characteristics - static and dynamic performance
characteristics – accuracy - precession - resolution - threshold - static
sensitivity - deflection factor
11 Performance characteristics- Linearity, Range and Span, Hysteresis,
Dead Band, Backlash, Drift
12 Primary sensing elements - mechanical devices as primary detectors -
springs, bimetallic strips - mechanical spring devices - cantilever - helical
spring - spiral spring - torsion bar - proving ring
13 Pressure sensitive primary devices: Some of the commonly used force
summing devices, Bourdon tubes, Diaphragms and Bellows
14 Temperature Measurement : Introduction- temperature scales-
International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS)
15 Measurement of Temperature: Classification of temperature measuring
devices - bimetallic thermometers - glass thermometers and pressure
gauge thermometers - thermocouples
16 Electrical resistance thermometers - Resistance- Temperature Detectors
(RTDs)- Thermocouple - Thermocouple Materials
17 Pressure - gauge pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure,
vacuum - units of pressure - pressure scales - conversion of units- Types
of Pressure Measurement Devices
18 Measurement of pressure : Manometers - U tube manometer - inclined
tube manometer - well type manometer - Properties of Manometric Fluids
19 Elastic Pressure Elements - bourdon tube – bellows - diaphragms
20 Types of Fluid Flow : Steady flow and Unsteady flow- Uniform flow and
Non-uniform flow - One-dimensional flow, two dimensional flow and Three
dimensional flow- Rotational flow and Irrotational flow - Laminar flow and
Turbulent flow.
21 Flow measurement : introduction - primary or quantity meters - positive-
displacement meters - secondary or rate meters - variable head meters
22 The general expression for the rate of flow- Construction of Venturi Meter
23 Construction of Orifice Meter
24 Variable Area Meters- Rotameter; Pitot tube - its advantages - its
limitations
25 Variable Head and Variable Area Flow Meters (Weirs) - Hot Wire
Anemometers - Rotary Vane Meter
26 Measurement of Liquid Level - Direct Liquid Level Measurements - Dip-
stick Method- Sight Glass Method-
27 Hook Gauge- Float Gauge - Float-and-Shaft Liquid Level Gauge
28 Indirect Liquid Level Measurements - Hydrostatic Pressure Level
Measurement Device - Bubbler or Purge Technique for Level
Measurement
29 Capacitance Level Gauge - Ultrasonic Level Gauge - Nucleonic Gauge
30 Control Systems- Introduction- Basic components of the control system-
Classification of Control Systems – Open Loop System - Closed Loop
System - Servo Mechanisms
31 Controllers and Control Action - Pneumatic Controller - Hydraulic
Controllers - Electric Controllers
32 Data Transmission Elements - Electrical Type Data Transmission
Elements - Pneumatic-Type Transmission Elements - Position-Type Data Transmission Elements - Radio-Frequency (RF) Transmission System
Disclaimer- the content provided is not for commercial purposes this is only for self learning, teaching & students help .
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